On Feb. 25, 1994, during dawn prayer, 500 Palestinians were attacked by mass shootings and bombings at the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron, Palestine. The gruesome attack left 29 worshipers martyred and dozens others wounded.

According to eyewitnesses, the attack was carried out by Israeli settler Baruch Goldstein with the help of other settlers and indirect support by the Israeli occupation forces.  

The emergence of secularism, the stages it went through, its emergence as a term, and the ambiguity about its meaning were the axes of a lecture delivered by Researcher Nabil Toamah, a member of the Board of Trustees of Jerusalem Foundation. The lecture, entitled “Secularism and Historical Contexts,”  was held by the Cultural Center in Abu Rummaneh and Jerusalem International Foundation – Syria.

Under the illusion of reviving the defunct Ottoman Empire, the President of the Turkish regime, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, continues his attempts to restore outdated colonial periods without feeling any embarrassment or shame.

Erdogan’s ambitions are no longer limited to Syria, Iraq and Libya, but expanded according to a map published by the American Center for Strategic and Security Studies (Stratfor).